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ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of salidroside against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and its mechanism of action. MethodsA total of 24 male KM mice were randomly divided into normal group， HFD group， HFD+blank control group， and HFD+salidroside group， with 6 mice in each group. The mice in the normal group were given normal diet， and those in the other groups were given high-fat diet. After 14 weeks of modeling， the mice were given salidroside 100 mg/kg/day by gavage， and related samples were collected at the end of week 22. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the serum levels of related biochemical parameters including alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）； HE staining and NAFLD activity score （NAS） were used to observe the liver histopathology of mice； Western blot was used to measure the changes in the expression of NAMPT， Sirt1， AMPKα， and SREBP1 in liver tissue. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the HFD group had obvious steatosis and extensive large lipid droplets in liver tissue， with significant increases in NAS score （P<0.01） and the content of AST， ALT， TG， TC， and LDL-C in peripheral blood （all P<0.05） and a significant reduction in the content of HDL-C （P<0.05）， as well as significant reductions in the expression levels of NAMPT， AMPKα， and Sirt1 in liver tissue （all P<0.05） and a significant increase in the expression level of SERBP1 （P<0.01）. Compared with the HFD group and the HFD+blank control group， the HFD+salidroside group had reductions in the distribution of vacuolar lipid droplets and intralobular inflammation in liver tissue， alleviation of the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes， significant reductions in NAS score （P<0.01） and the content of AST， ALT， TG， and LDL-C in peripheral blood （all P<0.05）， and a significant increase in the content of HDL-C （P<0.05）， as well as significant increases in the expression levels of NAMPT， AMPKα， and Sirt1 in liver tissue （all P<0.05） and a significant reduction in the expression level of SERBP1 （P<0.01）. ConclusionSalidroside can significantly improve the pathological state of mice with NAFLD induced by high-fat diet and exert a protective effect against NAFLD by increasing the expression of NAMPT， Sirt1， and AMPKα and reducing the expression of SERBP1.
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) was updated in 2014 on the basis of the version 2011. Inof the updated version, the evidence quality grade and GRADE were adopted for the evidence evaluation and recommendation grading in methodology, and the clinical feasibility was stressed. In text, the recognition of modern medicine was updated, the sta-ging treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion was emphasized, the inclusive articles were expanded and the important indexes of efficacy evaluation were increased and highlighted. The paper aims to provide the instruction for the application ofof the version 2014.
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The development and compilation of Evidence-based Guidelines of Clinical Practice with Acupuncture and Moxibustion: Adult Bronchial Asthma are introduced from three aspects, named the guideline methodology, the guideline structure and the guideline content. Based on the acupuncture-moxibustion practice and clinical research, the evidence-based medicine method is adopted. During the development and compilation of the guideline, the characteristics and advantages of acupuncture and moxibustion are specially considered in the treatment of this disease; the latest optimum evidences at home and abroad, experts' experience and patients' value are closely integrated with each other. Additionally, the worldwide accepted assessments of evidence quality and the recommendation (GRADE system) are combined with the clinical evidences of the ancient and modern famous acupuncture-moxibustion experts, and the clinical research evidences are with the experts' consensus to the large extent. The purpose of the guideline is to provide the maximal guidance to the clinical physicians.
Subject(s)
Humans , Asthma , Therapeutics , Evidence-Based Medicine , Reference Standards , Moxibustion , Reference Standards , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Reference BooksABSTRACT
Objective To explore the significance on expression of mdr-1, P-gp and DNA heteroploidy in invasive bladder carcinoma. Methods The expressions of mdr-1 and P-gp were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry(SP) method, and DNA ploidy by flow cytometry method in 26 cases of invasive bladder carcinoma tissues, which were compared with those in 10 normal bladder tissues. At the same time, the flow cytometry was used to determine DNA heteroploidy. Results A of mdr-1 in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy CR, PR, non-respond and control group were (0.61±0.75), (0.71±0.11), (1.68±0.28) and (0.745±0.13),respectively (P＜0.05). Positive rates of P-gp had significant differences between CR, PR and non-respondgroup and control group (P ＜0.05). Positive rates of DNA heteroploid in the above groups were 50 %, 45 %,69 % and 10 %, respectively (P ＜0.05). Conclusion The detections of mdr-1, P-gp and of DNA heteroploid contribute to evaluate neo-adjuvant chemotherapy effects of invasive bladder carcinoma.